The Issue Of Sustainability Of The Apparel Industry Essay

Sustainability Brianna Belton The issue of Sustainability in the apparel industry. There are a large amount of social and environmental problems within the global apparel industry. MSC 429-V84- Fall 2016 November 15, 2016 Introduction Generations ahead of us only had a tiny wardrobe, where clothes were not washed every day. In our generation, fast fashion is in. It’s ok to have multiple shirts or shoes of the same color. It’s actually ok to throw away unwanted apparel. Apparel companies are beginning to focus on sustainable fashion, also known as eco fashion. Apparel, fashion, and textiles is the most polluting industry in the world. Every stage, that a garment goes through, uses up and threatens our resources. Review of Literature Sustainability has become a major issue in the fashion industry. The global apparel industry has a large amount of social and environmental problems and the apparel industry is a dirty business that relies on water intensive methods and toxic chemicals within its factories. Fashion and textiles is known to be one of the most polluting industries in the world, following oil. Millions of gallons of wastewater from mills each year contain harsh chemicals. The clothing industry has a huge environmental impact, some of which include: industrial water pollution, production of fiber responsible for pesticide and insecticide. Another example is that it takes 700 gallons of water to produce enough cotton forShow MoreRelatedHow Does Nike Improve The Quality And Reduce Carbon Emissions?1345 Words   |  6 Pages In the modern world, energy use, GHG emissions, water use, chemistry and non-renewable resource depletion, and also socioeconomic issues become the most significan t environmental issues. It can be said that those affect community, occupational health and safety, and workforce development. Thus, Nike appreciates and follows ongoing improvement in these areas as can be seen throughout this report. Based on energy and GHG emissions, there is dramatic impact of climate change, so Nike sets a new planRead MoreWhat Can Raise Awareness Of Sustainable Consumption Of Textiles For College Students1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Many consumers aren’t educated on the importance of sustainability of clothing and textiles. The media mistakenly represents sustainability and the influence it can have on the environment. This research paper will attempt to address the question of what could raise awareness of sustainable consumption of textiles for college students. Consumers should all be aware of how they can conserve the environment by preserving clothing which is a concept that many people have not acknowledgedRead MoreAnalysis Of Zara s Low Cost And Direct Supply Chain System Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages1) Threat of Value-Conscious Consumers Critical Issue: As mentioned earlier, Zara’s low-cost and direct supply-chain system allows it to take advantage of shifting fashion trends easily. Zara cost-effectively manufacturers its products in low-to-middle income countries such as Bangladesh and Vietnam, and then charges a premium in the form of high margins for the aspirational lifestyle it promotes. This is what has made it one of the most profitable fashion retailers. Justifiably so, it shouldRead MoreNike CSR Analysis1581 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ CSR Analysis and Impact on Operations Nike has a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that includes its commitment to the environment and is a signatory of the UN Global Compact. 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Several organizations in the apparel industry have used socially responsible activities to rebuild reputations. Today, according to Nike’s official website, they define their â€Å"Nike Responsibility† as: â€Å"Explore

Warnings Of The Dangers Of Cigarettes And Tobacco

Warnings of the dangers of cigarettes and tobacco surround us on a daily basis yet smoking persists. Do millions of people continue to smoke for reasons more powerful than previously imagined? What, for example, could possess a heart attack victim to light up a cigarette the moment he is wheeled out of the coronary care unit? (Blakeslee) There must be some deeper cause. Something must exist to drown out the warnings and entice smokers despite the evidence of disease and death. The answer lies in nicotine and its addictive qualities as well as the concentrated campaign waged by the tobacco companies to peddle their wares. It is ridiculous to consider that tobacco companies are unaware of the dangers of their products. Indeed, they are†¦show more content†¦Before succumbing to their smoking related disease, the afflicted smokers will inevitably need care for their condition, incurring tremendous costs. This can cost the population of smokers billions of dollars every year (Day nard). If the individual smoker does not have insurance or is otherwise unable to meet the enormous costs, the bill can end up passed to the taxpayers, merely passing along the expense. In addition, the dangers posed by cigarettes are not limited to smokers themselves. Every year in the United States, 400,000 babies are born whose mothers smoked while pregnant. Additionally, smoking is thought to be responsible for in excess of 20,000 miscarriages and possibly seven times that number (Proctor 5). The babies that survive to term are at risk for a host of health issues, including low birth weight, increased danger of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, as well as possible delays in mental and behavioral development and increased possibility of birth defects such as cleft palate (Ashwin). Though the fetus does not actually inhale the smoke, the substances and poisons entering the mothers body cannot help but affect the unborn. In the face of these horrific statistics, why does anyone continu e to smoke? The answer can be found in examination of the mechanics of nicotine. An abused drug, as defined

My Understanding About Islam And The Muslims - 966 Words

This class reinforced my understanding about Islam and â€Å"Muslims.† it opened my eyes to various things that I would not think about on my own. These are details I just do not take the time to reflect upon. In short, my paper will focus on the concepts of acculturation and assimilation. I have noticed these concepts in the books and articles we have read throughout the quarter. In the book entitled A History of Islam in The America by Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, he discusses the fact that many of the enslaved African Muslims were obligated either to acculturate or assimilate to gain acceptance in the new society. He gives an example of Abdul Rahman. GhaneaBassiri states, â€Å"he was presented as a convert to Christianity who been baptized in the Baptist church.† I understood this mark as when we relocated to a different place, some people tend to assimilate. There is this saying that â€Å"when you enter into a room, if everybody has one eye opened, you should do the same.† Therefore, it is comprehensible if people assimilate to the majority of people because we are expected to fit in that society. I consider assimilation as being the survival of the fittest. Nobody desired to be alienated from the rest, so they do the exact things that others do. Moreover, the concept of assimilation helps keep an order in a society. People can be easily manipula ted or controlled when they have the same values or think similarly. That’s just the way human being function; we don’t like something to beShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Islam1309 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Understanding Islam† by Kenneth Jost, pg. 172 – 176 Islam is an ill-perceived religion throughout most of the Western world. Once known as a quiet and peaceful religion, the general perception of people from other religions and most of the world upon Islam is quite distorted. Ever since the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, an influx of discrimination and prejudice towards Islam and Muslims has spread throughout the world. In â€Å"Understanding Islam,† by Kenneth Jost, an article aboutRead MoreEssay on Islam The Straight Path989 Words   |  4 Pages Islam The Straight Path   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An evaluation of the book by John L. Esposito: Islam The Straight Path. In this book , Esposito provides a succinct, up-to-date survey of the Islamic experience, an introduction to the faith, belief, and practice of Islam from its origins to its contemporary resurgence. He traces the emergence and development of this dynamic faith and its impact on world history and politics. He discusses the formation of Islamic belief and practice (law, theology, philosophy,Read MoreSpiritual, Religion, And Culture Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesSpiritual, Religion, and Culture: ISLAM The religion of Islam is described in a way that, â€Å"provides humankind with a unified view about the purpose of our creation and existence, our ultimate destiny and our place among other creatures. It is a way of life that is in complete conformance with nature, and with reason, logic and science† (Islam Explained, n.d.). â€Å"Islam† is the Arabic word which means voluntary surrender to the will of Allah (God) and obedience to His commands. It is the religion ofRead MoreIslam the Straight Path1014 Words   |  5 PagesIslam The Straight Path An evaluation of the book by John L. Esposito: Islam The Straight Path. In this book , Esposito provides a succinct, up-to-date survey of the Islamic experience, an introduction to the faith, belief, and practice of Islam from its origins to its contemporary resurgence. He traces the emergence and development of this dynamic faith and its impact on world history and politics. He discusses the formation of Islamic belief and practice (law, theology, philosophy, and mysticism)Read MoreWorldview/Religion Analysis of Islam Essay1238 Words   |  5 PagesWorldview/Religion Analysis of Islam By Elizabeth Case Student ID: L6924379 Presented to: Dr. Raymond Johnson In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Introduction to Apologetics APOL 500 Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA April 3, 2011 Worldview/Religion Analysis of Islam Summary of Islam The Arabic term Islam literally means â€Å"surrender† or â€Å"submission†. The followers of Islam, known as Muslims (from the active participle of Islam), accept or surrenderRead MoreReligion As A Social Institution1689 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion offers salvation, enlightenment, and an afterlife. In chapter twelve of the book, Miller defines Religion as a social institution consisting of the beliefs and practices associated with supernatural beings, powers, and forces. Miller also talked about how the root of all human religion is animism. Animism refers to the belief in spiritual beings such as angels, gods, and spirits. For example, the pre-Islamic religion believed in animism that physical entities such as animals, plants, and inanimateRead MoreTheodicy and Ethics Within Islam905 Words   |  4 PagesTheodicy and Ethics within Islam Critically analyzing and reflecting upon the concept of Theodicy and Ethics, one may interpret these two concepts to have great influence upon the significance of Islam. 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Muslims religious practices are particularized in The Five Pillars of Islam, and are the Declaration of Faith, five daily Prayers, Fasting (for the entire month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk), Charity and Pilgrimage

Gender Pay Gap

Question: Why it is still gender pay gap common and what are the solutions? Answer: Introduction Major social, demographic and economic changes have bought few essential transformations in the society in last few decades. One of the most significant changes it had bought is the massive invasion of women in the workforce. With the increasing trend of inclusion of women in the working field there is a continuous focus on the gender pay equality as well. The progress of women in the workforce is directly linked to the noteworthy advancement of women in the educational field. However having a remarkable educational qualification does not give the women the desired advantage in income (Dipboye and Colella 2013). Several researches in the field have indicated that there is a clear indication of the increased participation of women in the labor force due to acquiring higher education and making substantial earning. Yet it is still a challenge for women workers to earn as much as the men workers earn. There is a remarkable trend all around the world, even in the developed countries, tha t even if women are well educated and participate actively in the workforce, they still earn less than men. For instance, in Australia, women earn around 80% of wage men earn (Newman 2014). This gender pay came has been persistent and it is puzzling through the equality ratio. A huge range of rules and legislations have been implemented to deal with such issues all around the globe. The essay will try to identify the comprehensive motives for the obvious existence of inequality in payroll on the basis of gender. In the ancient times the women usually stayed at home and took care of the family, while the men used to take the economic responsibility. The increasing participation pace of women in the workforce has boosted because of establishing few regulations which had removed the remaining obstacles in the women employment and allowed them to work in diverse industries. After the First World War I, the problem of labor shortage had triggered the issue of incorporating women in the workplace who can replace the men fighting in the war (Cha and Weeden 2014). From the very beginning there had been a clear inequality in the wages of women. Several campaigns formed by different women associations triggered the issue of having the equality in payment. Supporters of the campaigns all over the world promote the theory of comparable worth in this matter, which says that there should always be an equal pay for the jobs which comprises of similar responsibility and skills and this equality should occur at all the places regardless of the market values (Christofides, Polycarpou and Vrachimis 2013). However, still in the twenty first century, there is apparent gender pay inequality all over the world. While in many situations people are happy with the apparent diminution of the wage gap based on gender over the few last decades, the scenario still remains a reason of concern. It is a notable fact that the choice of career for the women and not being well represented in several occupations contribute to the difference in wage between the men and women. If historically observed, there has always been a major professional segregation between the two genders (Haslam et al. 2014). Women have always chosen a narrower form of occupation than the men. This had also led to a subtle stereotype in workplaces. Several researches on the gender pay gap had indicated that among many reasons such as career and choice of education, different work expertise, pay discrimination is generally seen to be more obvious than the subtle stereotyping in work which leads to gender bias. Even if both the female and male managers tend to show the gender bias in payment and hiring process, also in the occurrence of the wage gap across all the occupations and industries (Foley et al. 2015). This trend suggests that the discrimination in payment is an outcome of cultural and historical b eliefs which is mostly common to the world. The most notable factor that may explain the gender pay gap is the working hour difference in women and men. In most of the cases women tend to work in the part time and temporary jobs. However, even if the full time, responsible jobs are considered, it has been proved in many studies, that the median earning of women is approximately 75 percent that of a man. This point out a considerable pay gap exists between women and men. Also there is a factor of vertical segregation that arises in both the private and public sectors when men are located in a higher position like managerial roles or executives and their subordinates are women. Women are generally given fewer opportunities to engage in promoting to higher positions, as a result to that women are restrained their flexibility upwards to the organizational hierarchy and there is a tendency of under-representing them in the senior positions (Beaurain and Masclet 2016). This common phenomenon is called the glass ceiling effect which refers to the artificial obstacle on the basis of organizational bias which prevents the qualified individual from moving forward in the organization and into managerial positions. This factor contributes more ti the gender pay gap. The family obligations such as giving birth or taking care of children and other family members, there are a huge percentage of women who do not participate in the permanent jobs; rather they prefer cart time and flexible jobs. This factor has been found in several studies that indicates that around 36 percent of women become absent to their work places due to pregnancy (Guner, Kaya and Snchez-Marcos 2014). It is also indicated in studies that married men tend to work longer hours than the married women. There is n doubt that part time jobs pay way less than the full time jobs , therefore the uneven participation causes women to be categorized in the lower level of income group with adequate chances to sharpen their skills and promotion opportunity. Another factor that adds up to the gender pay gap that is the educational ways that women and men take in their higher education and passively affects the earnings in the work place. Historically it has been seen that men tend to opt for science subjects while women opt for education and humanities (Geoffroy and Chamberland 2014). However, this is another stereotype that has been made for decades that women are not good at science subjects; rather they are more comfortable in humanities. Therefore the pay in the male occupations is higher than the female occupations. Many educationists agree that there is an active gender discrimination which is partly accounted for most of the gender pay gap. Several companies advertize for vacancies listed separately for women and men, where the mens pay is greatly higher than the women. In most of the situations the skills of women are undervalued and in some cases unrecognized, which is caused by the social stereotype of gender discrimination and the perception that the capabilities of women are less (OReilly et al. 2015). Moreover, in many situations women and men having same skills, work experience and educational qualifications are treated unequally in a same job role. However, it is illegal to discriminate anyone from being employed in any occupation in the developed countries, yet the gender discrimination and biasness initiate most of the gender pay gaps. No matter it is unintentional or intentional, the social gender discrimination and bias is the most crucial element in the perseverance of pay gap bet ween women and men. There might be few limitations that might block the way of equality in gender pay, but there are numbers of benefits that can be gained if the gender pay gap is absent. The increase in the pay will lead more empowerment of women and will help to reduce the chances of violence, harassment and other exploitations at the workplace. In addition to that, it will bring an optimistic effect to the families which ultimately will improve the economical situations. Also if there is a equal pay in the organizations, the staff productivity and morale will increase and absence of employees might be decreased as well. However, there are always interventions of the government implementing the fair pay regulations among the employees, though several academicians claim that only the legislative reformation is not sufficient. There should be non discriminatory policies and practices in the work place and the policies should be cautiously designed and well implemented and should also be monitored to bu ild a positive image to the employees. For that reason the human resource management team should play a crucial role in making the decisions to support the strategies. It is recommended to the organizations to use systematic and constant procedure of evaluation system of the potential candidates and the employees as well to tackle the gender based inequalities. There may be a model approach can be introduced in the organizations to evaluate the probability of the gender bias. Both the female and male recruiters should be involved in the selection process so that female candidates do not face any discriminatory process. There should also be mentoring programs with the help of professional consultants for the female employees to encourage them to take an active part in participating in their jobs and applying for the senior positions. In consequence of the increasing staff morale at work the organization may build a healthy and positive image with growing competitive advantages in the market. With the sincere help of community, government and the management of the organizations, it can be believed that further decrease in the gender pay gap is possible. Reference List and Bibliography Beaurain, G. and Masclet, D., 2016. Does affirmative action reduce gender discrimination and enhance efficiency? New experimental evidence.European Economic Review,90, pp.350-362. Cha, Y. and Weeden, K.A., 2014. Overwork and the slow convergence in the gender gap in wages. American Sociological Review, 79(3), pp.457-484 Christofides, L.N., Polycarpou, A. and Vrachimis, K., 2013. Gender wage gaps,sticky floors and glass ceilings in Europe. Labour Economics, 21, pp.86-102. Dalton, D.W., Cohen, J.R., Harp, N.L. and McMillan, J.J., 2014. Antecedents and consequences of perceived gender discrimination in the audit profession.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,33(3), pp.1-32. Dipboye, R.L. and Colella, A. eds., 2013.Discrimination at work: The psychological and organizational bases. Psychology Press. Foley, S., Ngo, H.Y., Loi, R. and Zheng, X., 2015. Gender, gender identification and perceived gender discrimination: An examination of mediating processes in China.Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal,34(8), pp.650-665. Geoffroy, M. and Chamberland, L., 2014. Mental health implications of workplace discrimination against sexual and gender minorities: A literature review.Sante mentale au Quebec,40(3), pp.145-172. Guner, N., Kaya, E. and Snchez-Marcos, V., 2014. Gender gaps in Spain: policies and outcomes over the last three decades. SERIEs, 5(1), pp.61-103 Haslam, S.A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M.J. and Ellemers, N. eds., 2014.Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Psychology Press. Koch, A.J., DMello, S.D. and Sackett, P.R., 2015. A meta-analysis of gender stereotypes and bias in experimental simulations of employment decision making.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(1), p.128. Newman, C., 2014. Time to address gender discrimination and inequality in the health workforce.Human resources for health,12(1), p.25. OReilly, J., Smith, M., Deakin, S. and Burchell, B., 2015. Equal Pay as a Moving Target: International perspectives on forty-years of addressing the gender pay gap. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 39 (2) pp. 299-317